"We Were All Slaves"
African Miners, Culture, and Resistance at the Enugu Government Colliery
Carolyn A. Brown, Rutgers University
This product is part of the series: The Social History of Africa Series
ISBN 978-0-325-07007-0 / 0-325-07007-5 / 2003 / 376pp / Cloth
Imprint: Heinemann
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This book documents an important, but understudied, sector of a West African working class. The coal miners of the Enugu Government colliery became nationalist icons for many Nigerians following a colonial government massacre of striking miners in 1949. Carolyn Brown argues that the experiences of these miners deserve to be studied as something more than appendages to the political history of the birth of the Nigerian nation. Through the lens of gender, race, and class, she documents the tumultuous history of the Enugu miners and reveals how they developed characteristics of self-awareness and class-consciousness similar to those of their Western counterparts in British or North American mines.
Introduction: African Workers and European Theories
The Contested Birth of the Colonial Labor Process: Labor, Coal, and the State
Udi District on the Eve of Conquest: Slavery, Power, and Resistance, circa 1909
"Chiefs," Slaves, Forced Labor and Rural Resistance: Labor and the Contested Birth of the Colonial State, Udi, 1909-1915
Creating the Colonial Workplace and the Colonial City: Enugu and the Coalfields During World War I
The Postwar Conjuncture: Agitation, Urbanization, and the Emergence of a Culture of Protest, 1920-1929
The Eclipse of Colonial Production Relations: Workers, Victories, and Defeat
The Colliery on the Eve of War: State Intervention into the Home and the Workplace
The Politics of "Productivity": Unions, the War, and Changes in the Political Apparatus of the Mines, 1940-1945
The Iva Valley Massacre of 1949: Trade Union Struggles in the Cold War
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
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